Risks and social health impacts of agrochemical use: A case study in Selva, Santiago del Estero, 1990-2019

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: One of the main consequences of the changes in Argentine agriculture since the late 20th century are the
growing environmental and health impacts related to direct and indirect exposure to agricultural chemicals. The objective of this work  was to contribute to the understanding of conflicts and controversies regarding health and environmental effects of  agrochemical use.  METHODS: A case study was performed in the town of Selva, Santiago del Estero province, Argentina. Secondary information sources were reviewed, and 40 interviews with key actors were conducted during six field trips in 2018  and 2019. RESULTS: There are specific regulations regarding the use of agricultural chemicals, minimum application distance  and toxicity level, as well as a certain institutional framework for enforcement, control and monitoring. Everyday exposure to  environmental and health impacts led to the development of a grassroots movement and to the social construction of risks.  DISCUSSION: Policies on the use of agricultural chemicals are fragmented into a myriad of regulations and agencies belonging  to different levels of government; health concerns play a secondary role in this context. In spite of minor advances, there is no  official recognition of environmental and health damage caused by agrochemicals.