Pesticide Exposure Assessment in Argentinian Extensive Crops and its Potential Health Impact

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pesticides are a key factor of agricultural practices. OBJECTIVES: To describe the spatial distribution of pesticide exposure in Argentina and its association with cancer burden indicators, build global exposure indices, and validate individual exposure indices with biomarkers of effect in occupationally exposed subjects. METHODS: Two global indices were developed (pesticide exposure [PEI] and total environmental impact [TEII]), their spatial distribution was studied and, by means of a nationwide ecological study, the association with total, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates was estimated, using departments as level of spatial disaggregation (n=564). Two exposure indices, built with (individual) information of pesticide applicators in Córdoba, were validated using biomarkers (butyrylcholinesterase and genotoxicity). RESULTS: The Pampas have a PEI which is higher than national average as well as the highest TEII, corresponding to 2.4-D and chlorpyrifos. The increase in both exposure indices was associated to increases in the mortality rates due to cancer at the departmental level. Genotoxic damage in applicators was not associated to levels of exposure; what was associated was the reduction of butyrylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSIONS: The instruments —indices— and results obtained provide valuable elements for the surveillance of pesticide exposure in Argentina.